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graphic novel
A graphic novel is a book made up of comics content. Although the word "novel" normally refers to long fictional works, the term "graphic novel" is applied broadly and includes fiction, non-fiction, and anthologized work. It is distinguished from the term "comic book", which is used for comics periodicals.
The earliest known use of the term "graphic novel" was in 1964. It was popularized within the comics community after the publication of Will Eisner's ''A Contract with God'' (1978) and became familiar to the public in the late 1980s after the commercial successes of Frank Miller's ''The Dark Knight Returns'' (1986), Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' ''Watchmen'' (serialized in 1986 and 1987, collected in 1987), and the first volume of Art Spiegelman's ''Maus'' (serialized from 1980 to 1991, collected in 1991). The Book Industry Study Group includes "graphic novel" as a category in book stores.
== Definition ==
The term is not strictly defined, though Merriam-Webster's broad dictionary definition is "a fictional story that is presented in comic-strip format and presented as a book."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=graphic novel )〕 In the publishing trade, the term is sometimes extended to material that would not be considered a novel if produced in another medium. Collections of comic books that do not form a continuous story, anthologies or collections of loosely related pieces, and even non-fiction are stocked by libraries and bookstores as "graphic novels" (similar to the manner in which dramatic stories are included in "comic" books). The term is also sometimes used to distinguish between works created as standalone stories, in contrast to collections or compilations of a story arc from a comic book series published in book form.
Whether or not the Japanese form manga should be included in the term is not always agreed upon. Likewise, in continental Europe, both original book-length stories such as ''La rivolta dei racchi'' (1967) by Guido Buzzelli,〔A complete edition was published in 1970 before being serialized in the French magazine ''Charlie Mensuel'', as per ((WebCitation archive )); ((WebCitation archive )).〕 and collections of comics have been commonly published in hardcover volumes, often called "albums", since the end of the 19th century (including Franco-Belgian comics series such as ''The Adventures of Tintin'' and ''Lieutenant Blueberry'', and Italian series such as ''Corto Maltese'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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